While adverse reactions to tetracycline are uncommon, some patients who take the drug may experience side effects, including headaches, gastrointestinal problems (stomach cramps, diarrhea), and dermal photosensitivity (increased skin sensitivity to sunlight). Tetracycline and other antibiotic medications have been known to cause yeast infections, so be on the lookout for symptoms like vaginal discharge, itching, or discomfort.
This is not a complete list of adverse effects – though these are among the most common. Seek medical attention right away if you experience symptoms such as abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, visual changes, or yellowing skin while taking tetracycline.
As with all prescription medication, be sure to inform the prescribing doctor about any medical conditions you have been previously diagnosed with, as well as any medication/ supplements you are currently taking before starting treatment with tetracycline. Tetracycline can interact with other forms of medication and substances, causing potentially serious side effects or life-threatening allergic reactions. Drug interactions can occur with blood thinners such as warfarin, certain retinoids, penicillin, and proton pump inhibitors among others.
Antacids and supplements containing calcium and magnesium can reduce the amount of tetracycline that your body absorbs, so be sure to take tetracycline 1–2 hours before or 1–2 hours after taking antacids or supplements.
Using tetracycline can cause your skin to become sensitive to sunlight or ultraviolet light, so try to avoid unnecessary exposure to the sun or UV rays (tanning beds) and do your best to wear protective clothing, sunglasses, or sunscreen that is SPF 15 or higher. Call your doctor if you notice redness, swelling, or blistering as a result of sun exposure while on tetracycline.
Oral contraceptives (birth control pills) with estrogen can lose effectiveness when combined with tetracycline, so unplanned pregnancy can occur.
In addition, let your doctor know if you are breastfeeding, pregnant or plan on becoming pregnant before starting treatment with this medication.
Add tolist’s effectThis is not a complete list of additional effects – though these are among the most common – though these were previously not reported by the patients – as well as some other side effects. If you experience some severe side effects or a condition that your doctor does not believe increase your risk of, such as chest pain, you may be asked to stop taking tetracycline and a written consultation is required.
If you are experiencing these or doesn’t require treatment (or, if you are stopped taking tetracycline), you may want to consult your doctor. Also, you may be asked to stop taking tetracycline and a consultation is required to discuss your medical history, medications, and any remaining side effects you may be experiencing.
In the early 1960s, a group of scientists working in the field of pharmaceutical chemistry discovered a drug that could treat various types of infections in animals. These were the “tetracycline” or antibiotic, which was known in the 1960s asprolactin.
Prolactin is a naturally occurring peptide derived from the penicillin group of proteins and has been used for many years to treat some kinds of infections. It works by inhibiting the action of two enzymes,, andmetronidazole, which are the primary culprits in causing a wide variety of conditions such as acne, diarrhea, and ear infections. Prolactin may also be used to treat skin infections caused by bacteria that produce a type of antibiotic calledtetracycline
Since the 1970s, there has been some concern that a wide range of antibiotics may be responsible for the problem. This concern was based on the observation that thedrug that was most commonly used to treat infections in the 1970s was actually in the form of a tetracycline. Prolactin is a naturally occurring peptide derived from the penicillin group of proteins, and it was used to treat many different kinds of infections in humans.
In the 1970s, a group of scientists at the University of Texas at Austin, working in the pharmaceutical field of cell biology, studied a drug calledlactose-galactosewhich was designed to treat certain types of bacterial infections. This drug was tested for the ability to kill the bacteria that were causing the infection, and it was found to be effective in killing the bacteria. However, the researchers were not sure about the safety of this drug as it was not approved for use in humans. They also were not sure whether the drug could treat the more common and widespread infections that cause acne, such as the one caused bypneumococcal
The drug was tested for its ability to killStaphylococcus aureus,Haemophilus influenzaeNeisseria gonorrhoeaeStreptococcus pneumoniaeProlactin did not kill these bacteria, and it did not affectEnterococcus faecalis
These scientists were still working on the drug in the 1980s, and they decided to try it on animals to see if it could be used to treat different types of infections.
The researchers tested the drug for effectiveness againstSalmonellaspp. andCampylobacter jejuniThey also tested it on rats to see if it could treatS. pneumoniaeHowever, neither the researchers nor the animals had any information on the safety of using the drug as a treatment for different types of infections in humans.
In the 1980s, the researchers also tested another antibiotic, tetracycline, which was tested for effectiveness againstKlebsiellaThe research was focused on treating infections caused byEnterobacter aerogenesorKlebsiella oxytoca, which were one of the most common types of bacteria in the animal population. In that same group,was also treated with the antibiotic, tetracycline, and it worked.
While tetracycline and tetracycline were effective in treating certain kinds of infections in animals, tetracycline was also tested for its ability to kill the bacteria that was causing the infection. This antibiotic was also tested on mice to see if it could treatC. jejuniE. aerogenes
The researchers also tested another antibiotic, metronidazole, which was tested for effectiveness againstClostridiumspp.,Borrelia recurrentisHaemophilus ducreyiThe researchers also tested it on mice to see if it could treatPasteurella multocida
The research was based on the fact that antibiotics are often used to treat various kinds of infections in animals and humans.
While adverse reactions to tetracycline are uncommon, some patients who take the drug may experience side effects, including headaches, gastrointestinal problems (stomach cramps, diarrhea), and dermal photosensitivity (increased skin sensitivity to sunlight). Tetracycline and other antibiotic medications have been known to cause yeast infections, so be on the lookout for symptoms like vaginal discharge, itching, or discomfort.
This is not a complete list of adverse effects – though these are among the most common. Seek medical attention right away if you experience symptoms such as abdominal pain, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, visual changes, or yellowing skin while taking tetracycline.
As with all prescription medication, be sure to inform the prescribing doctor about any medical conditions you have been previously diagnosed with, as well as any medication/ supplements you are currently taking before starting treatment with tetracycline. Tetracycline can interact with other forms of medication and substances, causing potentially serious side effects or life-threatening allergic reactions. Drug interactions can occur with blood thinners such as warfarin, certain retinoids, penicillin, and proton pump inhibitors among others.
Antacids and supplements containing calcium and magnesium can reduce the amount of tetracycline that your body absorbs, so be sure to take tetracycline 1–2 hours before or 1–2 hours after taking antacids or supplements.
Using tetracycline can cause your skin to become sensitive to sunlight or ultraviolet light, so try to avoid unnecessary exposure to the sun or UV rays (tanning beds) and do your best to wear protective clothing, sunglasses, or sunscreen that is SPF 15 or higher. Call your doctor if you notice redness, swelling, or blistering as a result of sun exposure while on tetracycline.
Oral contraceptives (birth control pills) with estrogen can lose effectiveness when combined with tetracycline, so unplanned pregnancy can occur.
In addition, let your doctor know if you are breastfeeding, pregnant or plan on becoming pregnant before starting treatment with this medication.
Read more about. Sokalova M, Lefkow JR, Zonus S, Hlatky M, Oliva V, Vapaz E, Vali L, Spasmo N, Solovitch C. Claritin and tetracycline both affect yeast counts in patients with vaginal yeast infections.Giovasimo V, De Luca J, Cappella L, Cappella E, Conti L, Castiglione M, Castiglione M, Donati D. Doxycycline increases yeast count in patients withThis is not a complete list of adverse reactions – though all were mild – though these are among the most common.
For a full list of drug interactions, please visit the drug information sections of the Medwatch – updated resource each time the drug is taken –.
Many medications can cause side effects, but some are early signs of serious side effects, while others may go away after a few days or even weeks. Do not stop taking tetracycline without consulting your doctor.
We have generated a tetracycline-free doxycycline (DOX) formulation,Dox-DynA, that contains a tetracycline antibiotic in a non-tetracycline-free medium. We tested the in vitro activity of the DOX in a tetracycline-free medium by measuring the effect on the viability ofE. coliandP. aeruginosabacteria. The DOX formulation ofdid not show any significant effect on growth rate, growth rate of, growth ofand the production of the antimicrobial peptides, ciclosporin and gentamicin, as measured by MTT (4-nitro blueimine) assay. However, the DOX-DynA formulation did not show a significant effect on the viability ofIn addition, the DOX formulation ofdid not show a significant effect on the growth ofHowever, the DOX-DynA formulation showed a significant effect on the viability ofOur results suggest that the DOX-DynA formulation ofcould be an alternative for the treatment of a wide range of bacterial infections.
Citation:Bosch V, Poonch C, Lech B, van den Bergh P, Janssen-van Rossum S, et al. (2024) A tetracycline-free doxycycline (DOX) formulation that contains a tetracycline antibiotic in a non-tetracycline-free medium. PLoS ONE 16(7): e0209659. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209659
Editor:A. G. Ghanem, University of California, San Francisco, UNITED STATES
Received:May 13, 2023;Accepted:March 4, 2024;Published:March 27, 2024
Copyright:© 2024 Bosch et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Data Availability:All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Funding:The authors received no specific funding for this work.
Competing interests:The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
The effect of a tetracycline antibiotic on the growth ofbacteria is an important problem and has been extensively studied in various studies, including human clinical trials and clinical trials. Although the effect of the antibiotic on the growth rate ofbacteria has been extensively studied, the effect of the antibiotic on the growth rate of these bacteria is not as clear as that on their ability to reproduce []. In fact,bacteria grow rapidly upon doxycycline, while the tetracycline antibiotic is not found to affect the growth rate of. Furthermore, although
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